Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G
I. INTRODUCTION
Today and in the recent future, there is an urgent need for the advancement of wireless based networks. There should be unrestrained access to information and data sharing that is available everywhere and every time for everyone and everything. Novel technology components need to be scrutinized for the evolution of prevailing wireless based technologies. Present wireless based technologies, like the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE technology, HSPA and Wi-Fi will be integrating new technology components for future requirements. 5G is the fifth cellular network topology. 5G has been intended to meet the extremely huge development in information and connectivity of today’s recent society, IoT with billions of connected devices, and tomorrow’s innovations. 5G wireless technology is a smarter technology that will connect the world to the next level. It is intended to give inconceivable and uncommon information capacities, unimpeded call volumes and huge information broadcast. As well as conveying quicker associations and more noteworthy limit, a vital benefit of 5G is the fast response time referred to as latency. Latency is the time taken for devices to respond to each other over the wireless network. 3G networks had a typical response time of 100 milliseconds. 4G is about 30 milliseconds. 5G will be as small as 1 millisecond.
II. 5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
A mobile network
has two main components, the ‘Radio Access Network’ and the ‘Core Network’.
§ Radio Access Network
It comprises of numerous types of amenities
including small cells,
towers, masts and dedicated in-building and home systems
that connect mobile users and wireless devices to the main core network. Small
cells will be a key feature of 5G networks
mainly at the new millimetre wave (mmWave) frequencies where the connection range is very short. To offer an unceasing
connection, small cells will be
dispersed in clusters depending on where users
require connection which will match the macro network that provides wide-area coverage. 5G Macro
Cells will use MIMO (multiple
input, multiple output)
antennas that have multiple elements
or connections to send and receive
more data concurrently. The advantage to users is that more people can simultaneously join to the network and uphold high throughput.
§ Core Network
It is the mobile exchange and data network that manages all of the mobile voice, data and internet connections. For 5G, the ‘core network’ is being reformed to better integrate with the internet and cloud based services. It also includes distributed servers across the network refining response time i.e. reducing latency. Many of the progressive features of 5G including Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Network Slicing for different applications and services will be managed in the core. Network Slicing enables a smart way to segment the network for a specific industry, business or application. Network Function Virtualization (NVF) is the capability to instantiate network functions in real time at any preferred location within the operator’s cloud platform. NVF is vital to enable agility and the speed efficiency to support new business applications and is an significant a
III. 5G + IoT: STEERING IN A NEW ERA
5G
is the footing for comprehending the full potential of Internet of Things. 5G will be the first network designed to be scalable, versatile
and energy smart for the
hyper-connected Internet of Everything world.
Expectations when 5G Meets IoT:
§
Multi GBPS data rates
§
Extreme capacity
§
Uniformity
§
Deep awareness
§
Ultra-low latency
§
High reliability
§
High availability
§
Strong security
§
Low cost
§
Ultra-low energy
usage
§
Deep coverage
§
High density
IV. 5G + IoT: ARCHITECTURE
IoT in the 5G framework consists of
main four- layer architecture, as shown in the figure,
and is related to data collection, processing, analysis, and sharing
of information between
equipment and communication networks.
§ Thing layer
This layer incorporates actual frameworks like actuators,
gadgets, sensors, and interacts with the network layer.
§ Network layer
This layer consists
of two sub-layers: (i) low power
wide area technologies (LPWANs) such as SigFox,
LoRa, ZigBee, NB-IoT and (ii) backhaul- based connections of 5G.
§ Middleware layer
This layer is viewed as the core of the network. The IoT system centers around trend setting
innovations and arrangements
as haze figuring, edge processing, distributed computing, simulated intelligence vision, and huge information examination are conveyed.
§ Application layer
This
layer presents IoT applications that are conveyed in a progression of spaces as the board
manufacturing plants and structures, farming, traffic framework, and IoT biological systems.
This
layer incorporates all arrangements, innovations,
and applications to interface with people through
the Internet connection.
V. 5G + IoT: KEY TECHNOLOGIES
The
5G empowered IoT contains various
key correspondence procedures for IoT applications. The objective of
enabling the 5G–IoT is that it would make the
network have faster speeds and greater accessibility. The key advances that can be characterized
into four primary classifications:
§ Wireless Network Function Virtualization(WNFV)
WNFV will empower the virtualization of whole network capabilities to improve on the arrangement of 5G-IoT. 5G NFV will change the method for building network in 5G- IoT and will give a versatile and adaptable network for 5G-IoT applications. The NFV can isolate an actual network into different virtual networks. The NFV will give 5G-IoT applications real-time analyzing and processing strength. It optimizes the speed, capacity, and coverage in the logic sliced networks to match the demands of applications.
§ Architecture of 5G–IoT
The 5G-IoT will mainly be based on the 5G wireless systems, so the architecture generally
includes two plane: Data plane which focuses
on the data sensing through
software-defined front haul networks and Control plane, which consists of network management tools and reconfigurable services (applications) providers.
§ Heterogeneous Network (HetNet)
HetNet is a novel networking worldview proposed to fulfill the on-request prerequisites of administration driving 5G IoT.
§ Device to Device
(D2D) Communication
D2D for the short reach correspondence between two gadgets is proposed as another way for
information transmission. D2D
benefits the 5G-IoT with low power utilization,
load adjusting and better QoS for clients. D2D
is expected to increase energy efficiency and spectrum in 5G–IoT.
Other Enabling Techniques in 5G-IoT include:
§
Machine-Type Communications (MTC)
§
Millimiter Wave (mmWave)
§
Mobile Edge Computing.
§
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
§
Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
§ Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)
§ Optimization methods in 5G IoT (convex optimization, heuristic methods, evolutionary algorithm (EAs), machine learning methods, and artificial neural networks (ANNs))
VI. 5G + IoT: APPLICATIONS
The MP2P (Mobile Peer-To-Peer) nature
of 5G will enable the emergence of
the IoT (Internet of Things), an
evolution of the current Internet in which all sorts of objects will be able to participate in it and act as data gathering, and transmitting, agents.
All these smart devices,
that will comprise the IoT, will have the
capabilities of sensing and gathering information from the physical world, send, receive and process
any kind of outgoing and incoming data, both automatically and reliably. Due to its omnipresent nature, IoT can be utilized in a plethora
of fields, such as:
§ Healthcare
Automatic identification and information retrieval
about patients (blood pressure, previously administered drugs, etc.), using sensors
and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) tags
§ Transportation
Equipping cars, trains,
roads, etc., with sensors in order to achieve constant
communication between various vehicles, as well as roadside
infrastructure, to ensure safer travels, optimal
route determination, avoiding
traffic congestion, along with some value added services
§ Environmental monitoring
Using sensors to gather data such as temperature, humidity, soil/water/air quality, etc.,
for monitoring the state of our environment (nature
and animals included) and predict any possible natural
disasters (earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions
etc.).
§ Smart houses
An automated house will be able to monitor resource consumption (electricity, gas, water) and help prevent
any unnecessary consumption. Additionally, appliances
will have the capability of being remotely controlled,
as well as remember various preferences of the user.
§ Smart cities
Monitoring the consumption of resources in a city in order to minimize expenditure and maximize
efficiency. Also, various
services the city provides will be automized, and citizens will be able to
obtain any information at any time they require it.
REFERENCES
[1] A. Gupta and R. K. Jha, "A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging
Technologies," in IEEE Access, vol. 3, pp. 1206-1232.
[2] Li, Shancang, Li Da Xu, and
Shanshan Zhao. "5G
Internet of Things: A survey." Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 10, 2018, pp. 1-9.
[3] H. Rahimi, A. Zibaeenejad and A. A. Safavi, "A Novel IoT Architecture based on 5G-IoT
and Next Generation Technologies," 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile
Communication Conference (IEMCON),
2018, pp. 81-88 .
[4] Ahmed, Rizwan, et al. "Comprehensive Survey
of Key Technologies Enabling 5G-IoT." Available at SSRN 3351007
(2019).
[5] W. Ejaz et al., "Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G Wireless Communications," in IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 10310- 10314, 2016.
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