Temperature controlled system
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks
of gratitude to my teachers, for giving us this golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic “ THE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED SYSTEM”, which
also helped us in doing a lot of
Research and we came to know about so
many new things. I am really thankful to them.
Secondly, I would like to thank my group
members who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
Member name
(Group Leader)
Table of content
1. Abstract ( 3 )
2. Introduction
( 3 )
3. Theory ( 4 )
4. Requirements and cost ( 5 )
5. Construction
( 6 )
6. Working ( 7 )
7. Result ( 8 )
8. References ( 8 )
Abstract
We commonly use
temperature control systems in Air Conditioners, Refrigerators, geysers, etc.
where the temperature is automatically adjusted as per the input settings. In
order to implement a temperature control system, we need a temperature sensor,
a controller, and a cooling system. A Temperature
Controlled System is a type of control system that automatically controls the
temperature of an object or an area.
Introduction
In this project, we have implemented a simple Temperature
control system using simple components. The aim of this project is to
automatically turn on or off the fan by detecting the surrounding temperature.
Temperature is the most often measured environmental quantity
and many biological, chemical, physical, mechanical and electronic systems are
affected by temperature. Some processes work well only within a narrow range of
temperatures. So, proper care must be taken to monitor and protect the system.
When temperature limits are exceeded, electronic components and circuits
may be damaged by exposure to high temperatures. Temperature sensing helps to
enhance circuit stability. By sensing the temperature inside the equipment,
high temperature levels can be detected and actions can be taken to reduce
system temperature, or even shut the system down to avert disasters.
The hardware requirements for this simple temperature control system are: LM35, L293D, LM358, a fan and a few passive components (Resistors).
theory
Block diagram
Ø Control System:
Control System is a combination of various physical elements
connected in such a manner to regulate/direct/command itself or some other
device/system.
Ø Feedback:
Feedback is a fractional part of the past/present output which
is fed back to the input. In case of positive feedback, it is added to the
input and if it is negative feedback then it is subtracted from the input.
Ø Types of Control
System:
Depending on feedback it is divided into two types:-
1. Open Loop Control System(Feedback is not present)
2. Closed Loop Control System(Feedback is present)
Here the Temperature is the output to be controlled. A feedback is generated using the sensor which is fed into comparator which acts as a controller here. And the power is the input.
Requirements
Ø components
· 1 x LM35 Temperature Sensor
· 1 x LM358 Op – Amp
· 1 x L293D Motor Driver IC
· 1 x 12V DC Fan
· 1 x 10 KΩ Resistor (1/4 Watt)
· 1 x 5 KΩ Potentiometer
· 1 x Breadboard
· Connecting Wires
· 12V Power Supply
CONSTRUCTIOn
LM35 has 3 pins: VCC, Data and GND. Connect the VCC and GND to
12V and GND respectively and form a voltage divider with data pin and a 10 KΩ
Resistor. The output of the voltage divider is given to the non – inverting
input (Pin 3) of the Op – Amp (LM358).
A 5 KΩ Potentiometer is connected to the inverting input (Pin 2)
of the Op – Amp. Pins 8 and 4 are connected to 12V supply and GND. The output
of the Op – Amp i.e. Pin 1 is connected to the 1A Pin (Pin 3), which is the
first driver input of the Motor Driver IC L293D.
The second driver input of L293D (2A – Pin 7) is connected to GND. Pins 1, 8 and 16 (Enable 1, VCC2 and VCC2) are connected to 12V supply and Pins 4, 5, 12 and 13 are connected to GND. Motor (12V PC Fan) is connected between Pins 3 and 6 (1Y and 2Y).
Working
The working of the Temperature Control System project can be
explained easily by comparing it with a closed loop control system.
A closed loop control system consists of an input, a control
device, output and feedback. The input is typically a sensor that continuously
monitors the test parameter. Here, the input is the LM35 Temperature Sensor and
the parameter we are interested in measuring is the Temperature.
The data from the input is given to a control device or system.
This control device will actuate the output according to the input signals. In
our project, LM358 Op – Amp is controller and it acts as a comparator.
If the temperature is more than the desired temperature, we need
to activate the fan.
So, we need to adjust the Potentiometer such that if the
temperature increases above a value, the output from the Op – Amp should be
HIGH.
This HIGH output from the Op – Amp is given to the Motor Driver,
which along with the Fan, forms the output part of the Control System.
Since the other drive input of the motor driver is already
connected to9 GND, whenever the output from the Op – Amp is HIGH, the Input to
the L293D is HIGH and the Fan starts rotating.
This will cool down the surroundings and this phenomena acts as
the feedback in the control system. If the temperature decreases, the LM35
senses it and signals the Op – Amp to turn off the Fan.
The following image shows the closed loop control system representation of the temperature control system.
Advantages
· The project implements a closed loop type control system for
automatically adjusting the temperature.
· Closed loop type control system is more efficient than an open loop system as the output is continuously monitored as feedback.
Ø
Applications
· The Temperature Control System is a common type of control
system implemented in different types of systems like Air Conditioning, Water
Heaters, Refrigerators, etc.
· This type of Temperature Controlled Systems can also be
implemented in industries, automobiles.
REFERENCES
Ø
https://www.electronicshub.org/temperature-controlled-system/
Ø
OGU
EMMANUEL C – Temperature control systems (Conference Paper)
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